Ah sweet! OpenVPN up and running again. The installation direktly on the router (dd-wrt) failed to work reliably. I set up the OpenVPN server on my linux home server (two servers, one on port 443 for http tunneling and one on 1194 for udp connections).
The servers have ip adresses 10.8.0.1 and 10.9.0.1. I adjusted the routing table on my router to route 10.0.0.0 via the linux server. The setup is pretty straightforward and well documented (german).
I installed openvpn gui on the windows client and made to configurations – one for the udp server, one for the http tunneled one. Changed stuff in the tunnel-config:
http-proxy 192.168.10.102 8080 creds.txt basic
proto tcp
The user and login password are in creds.txt.
Todo: getting the client to run on my android phones.